Exact and approximate D-optimal designs in polynomial regression

If the sample sizen is large enough, then the exact polynomial regression designs obtained by rounding the weights of the approximate D-optimal design to integral multiples of 1/n are D-optimal. This was shown by alaevskiî (1966) and Gaffke (1987). In this note, an efficient algorithm to determine the minimum sample sizen _d for a polynomial model of degreed is derived from a condition given by Huang (1987). Under an additional assumption we show that the conditions of Gaffke and Huang are equivalent; we verify the additional assumption for polynomial degreed40.     

乡村振兴战略背景下农业保险发展对策研究——以四川省为例

乡村振兴战略的有效实施离不开金融体系的有力支持,农业保险作为金融支农重要工具在乡村振兴战略实施过程中发挥着重要作用。本文以四川省农业保险发展为研究案例,结合全国农业保险发展概况,点面结合深入分析了农业保险服务乡村振兴的内在逻辑、现状与问题,从乡村振兴依靠主体--老人农业与新型农业经营主体对风险的异质性需求角度出发,论述了农险服务乡村振兴的主要任务。本文认为,现阶段农业保险服务乡村振兴还存在顶层设计不合理、供需错配、目标定位不清导致中长期规划滞后、创新激励不足等结构性问题。基于此,本文提出从中央、省级政府以及保险公司三方出发,采取农险供给侧改革、优化顶层设计、加强农险宣传,提升农户保险意识、探索互助农险合作模式、充分运用互联网高新技术提高风险管控能力等政策建议。     

税务征收体制下的社会保险费征管制度建设研究

我国社会保险费征管体制改革正在不断深入。当前,社会保险费征管仍存在制度设计有待完善、法律依据不够清晰的问题。本文基于税收征管视角,对社会保险费征管制度进行了重新审视,在全面梳理了制约社会保险费征管制度完善的限制性因素的基础上,从科学设置社会保险费征管前置程序、全面构建社会保险费征管的保障程序等多个方面,对将社会保险费征管融入税收征管流程的可行性进行了分析和探讨,以期为我国社会保险费征管制度的完善提供参考。     

逆向选择与信用配给:中小企业融资难根源分析

文章通过中美中小企业融资的渠道和结构对比,分析中国中小企业融资困难的原因,并进一步通过两个模型解释资金借贷市场上的逆向选择问题和银行被迫采用的信用配给制度.文章最后提出了解决中小企业融资困难的一些建议.     

基金代销:中小商业银行如何分得一杯羹

最近一年多来,我国基金业发展势头强劲,引起了社会各界的广泛关注与参与;正因如此,也使得基金代销机构之间的竞争日趋激烈.作为后来者的中小商业银行在基金代销上如何与传统的大银行与券商之间展开竞争,并获得一席之地,正是本文进行探讨的问题.作者认为:中小商业银行在基金代销方面大有可为.     

社会壁垒的合理性及对我国的积极影响

最近几年,社会壁垒已经成为欧盟国家及其他发达国家的重要贸易手段.我国国内对其负面影响的研究与宣传的较多,但对其合理性研究不够.本文就社会壁垒的产生、发展及其合理性进行了分析,并指出其对我国政府与企业的积极影响.     

中部崛起与西部开发的财政收支分析

本文研究表明，在西部开发进程中，国债投资占有较大比重，中部崛起需要充分调动地区的积极性；中部、西部与东部相比，地方企业上缴税收的能力相对不足；中部、西部对于行政收费和农业税收依赖较重，取消农业税后需要开辟新的财政收入渠道；优化中部、西部地区的财政收支状况，关键在于调整地方财政的收支结构。     

Impacts of e-Commerce and Enhanced Information Endowments on Financial Services: A Quantitative Analysis of Transparency, Differential Pricing, and Disintermediation

Some implications of e-Commerce financial services firms are becoming clear. The web drives transparency, and increases the information endowment of all market participants. It is harder to manipulate customers' behavior, or to overcharge them. Transparency drives differential pricing. Not all customers can or should be charged the same prices. Transparency reduces the viability of cross-subsidies between customers can or between products. The differential pricing enabled by the web transforms distribution channels, and enables direct distribution and alternative forms of distribution. Some intermediateraries may be bypassed altogether, while others may rapidly lose their best, most profitable, and previously most loyal customers.     

Information Content of Earnings and Earnings Components of Commercial Banks: Impact of SFAS No. 115

SFAS No. 115 modified classification of debt and equity securities held by firms and also modified the reporting format for unrealised gains/losses on security transactions (URGL). This study investigates whether implementation of SFAS No. 115 improved information content of earnings and earnings components of commercial banks. Improvement in the information content is measured by comparing the association between equity returns and earnings and earnings components of the post-adoption period of SFAS No. 115 with the pre-adoption period.The test results indicate that the association of equity returns with earnings components and aggregate earnings is significantly stronger in the post-adoption period compared to the pre-adoption period. The improvement is especially evident for the components of URGL and non-interest revenues. These results suggest that information provided by earnings components is considered more value relevant for investment decision after implementation of SFAS No. 115. Findings on non-interest revenues indicate that revenues from banking activities other than lending also play an important role in the commercial banks' profitability.     

Credit Risk in Two Institutional Regimes: Spanish Commercial and Savings Banks

Although credit risk is an important factor that financial institutions must cope with, the determinants of bank problem loans have been little studied. Using panel data, we compare the determinants of problem loans of Spanish commercial and savings banks in the period 1985–1997, taking into account both macroeconomic and individual bank level variables. The GDP growth rate, firms, and family indebtedness, rapid past credit or branch expansion, inefficiency, portfolio composition, size, net interest margin, capital ratio, and market power are variables that explain credit risk. However, there are significant differences between commercial and savings banks, which confirm the relevance of the institutional form in the management of credit risk. Our findings raise important bank supervisory policy issues: the use of bank level variables as early warning indicators, the advantages of bank mergers from different regions, and the role of banking competition and ownership in determining credit risk.